ZIKA
ZIKA ICD10: A92
The explosive pandemic of Zika virus infection is occurring throughout South America, Central America, and the Caribbean.
ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
ETIOLOGY Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. TRANSMISSION Anthroponotic (human-to-vector- to-human) occurs during outbreaks. Perinatal, in utero, and possible sexual and transfusion transmission events have also been reported.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Most people infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic. Characteristic clinical findings are acute onset of fever with maculopapular rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis. Other
commonly reported symptoms include myalgia and headache. RECOVERY Illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting for several days to a week. Severe disease requiring hospitalization is uncommon and case fatality is low. Guillain–Barré syndrome reported in patients following suspected Zika virus infection. Fetal malformation with microcephaly has been reported with intrauterine Zika virus infection. MANAGEMENT No specific antiviral treatment is available for Zika virus disease. Treatment is generally supportive.