๐ ็ธฝ็ฎ้ ๏ฝ ๐ ่ฑๆๅๆ๏ผๆฌ็ฏ๏ผ ๏ฝ ๐ ๅฎๆด็ฟป่ญฏ ๏ฝ โญ ็ฒพ่ฏ็ญ่จ
THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS (TO)
THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS (TO)ย ย ICD-10: I73.1
โข A rare inflammatory occlusive disease of medium-sized and small arteries and veins.
โข Predominantly in males, 20 to 40 years of age.
โข Very strong association with smoking.
โข An angiitis clinically indistinguishable from TO occurs in persons consuming cannabis.
โข Clinical manifestations are cold sensitivity; ischemia: claudication of the leg, foot, arm, or hand.
โข Peripheral cyanosis, ischemic ulcers, gangrene (Fig. 17-5), and superficial thrombophlebitis.
โข Therapy: Smoking cessation, analgesics, wound care; antiplatelet agents, prostacyclins, pentoxifylline, angioplasty, sympathectomy, and amputation.
โข Synonym: Buergerโs disease.
FIGURE 17-5 โข Thromboangiitis obliteransโInfarctive necrosis on the great toe of a 28-year-old man. The lesion is exquisitely painful. (The yellowish-brownish color is from iodine disinfection.)